Which component typically defines exposure controls in the SDS?

The correct choice focuses on the permissible exposure limit (PEL) as a key component in the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) that defines exposure controls. PEL represents the maximum allowable concentration of a hazardous substance in the workplace air to which an employee can be exposed over a specified period, typically an 8-hour workday.

This metric is crucial for establishing safe working conditions and helps in developing necessary controls to prevent overexposure to hazardous substances. It provides a clear guideline for employers to implement appropriate engineering controls, personal protective equipment, and procedures to ensure their employees’ safety and health.

The other options, while relevant in various contexts, do not directly pertain to the specification of exposure controls within an SDS. Testing results from the manufacturer can offer insight into a chemical's properties but do not serve as definitive exposure control measures. Market demand may influence how a chemical is handled or utilized but does not have a role in defining safe exposure levels. Lastly, a safety training program, although important for ensuring that employees understand how to work safely with hazardous materials, is not a component of the SDS itself and does not set exposure limits.